Properties of Fuel Oil Viscosity: Fuel oil is characterized by its viscosity, which affects how it flows and burns. Higher viscosity oils require heating for efficient pumping and burning. Composition: It is derived from crude oil through distillation and consists of hydrocarbons. Additives may be included to improve performance and reduce emissions. Energy Content: Fuel oil has a high energy content, making it efficient for heating applications. Types of Fuel Oil No. 1 Fuel Oil: Low sulfur content, making it cleaner burning. Often used in outdoor heaters and in colder climates due to its lower viscosity. No. 2 Fuel Oil: The most commonly used heating oil in residential applications. Has a higher viscosity than No. 1, suitable for residential boilers and furnaces. No. 4 Fuel Oil: A blend of No. 2 and heavier oils, often used in commercial heating applications. No. 5 and No. 6 Fuel Oils: Heavier oils typically used in industrial settings, power generation, and marine applications. Applications Residential Heating: Fuel oil is commonly used in oil-fired heating systems for homes. Commercial Heating: Used in large buildings, warehouses, and schools. Industrial Uses: Powers boilers, turbines, and other equipment in manufacturing. Marine Fuel: Used in ships and boats, particularly in larger vessels that require high-energy output. Environmental Considerations Emissions: Burning fuel oil releases greenhouse gases and pollutants. Efforts are being made to transition to cleaner alternatives. Regulations: Many regions have implemented strict regulations on sulfur content and emissions to mitigate environmental impact. Alternative Fuels: There is a growing interest in biodiesel and other renewable fuels as alternatives to traditional fuel oils, which can significantly reduce carbon emissions.